顯示具有 Lymphoma 標籤的文章。 顯示所有文章
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2012年9月24日 星期一

What is Lymphoma


When you're not feeling well, you take assessment as to what's wrong with you. Your throat is scratchy, you have a headache or a fever or perhaps you're nauseas and throwing up. You can easily say what is wrong with you based on your symptoms. When symptoms persist or become worse, a trip to the doctor is probably necessary. It could easily be just a stubborn infection that requires antibiotics or something a little more serious. Either way, it's good to get a diagnosis so that whatever's wrong can be treated right away. Lymphoma is a disease that may start of as harmless symptoms and easily brushed off as nothing but you wouldn't want to let this go to long because the sooner you're able to have this disease diagnosed, the better able you will be cured.

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system. You have glands or nodes all over your body and these glands are connected to the vessels that carry your white blood cells or lymphatic fluid throughout your blood stream which help to fight off disease in the body. White blood cells act as a barrier to bacteria and toxins that enter the body through the air, our food and water and even through germs we expose ourselves to every day. The glands of the lymphatic system are all connected on a track and this track is circulated throughout the body at each gland stop, like a train station. When cancer strikes a gland in the system it is easily able to spread to all the other glands by hitching a ride on the white blood cells. Now you think that the white blood cells could fight it off, right? Well, if you are someone that may have a weak immune system, your white blood cells may not be able to fight them off faster than they can multiply.

Lymphoma can come in two ways, one is called Hodgkin's lymphoma and the other is non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's lymphoma is the cancer that can spread from one lymph node to another. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a whole different category of cancer with over 30 distinguishable characteristics to diagnose. Non-lymphoma is more difficult to diagnose and finding the right treatment is a long process but once diagnosed and treated effectively, a person could live a long time. There is no cure for Hodgkin's Lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma but there are treatment out there that are very promising depending on the rate at timeline the cancer is growing. Early detection is so important for these types of cancers as symptoms are outward in nature by way of noticing swollen glands in the neck, underarm and groin and weight loss as well as fatigue and a general feeling of unrest.

Someone who may have a low-grade form of lymphoma will experience having slow growing cancer and thus will not have as obvious of symptoms as the more relevant faster growing lymphomas. Slow growing lymphomas are more difficult to treat because they have a higher probability of growing back. The only treatment at this time is chemotherapy and radiation and doing this type of treatment long-term can cause a lot of other issues not related to the cancer itself.

If you feel your glands are larger than normal or sore to the touch, please have it checked out to be on the safe side. Lymphoma is not something to mess around with.




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Lymphoma in Dogs - Pros and Cons of Lymphoma Treatment


Dog lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocytes or white blood cells. It is a common type cancer that affects the lymphatic system in dogs.

Lymphoma symptoms in dogs

The specific symptoms are determined by the type of lymphoma in dogs. The most common type develops as lumps or swollen lymph glands on the neck, legs and shoulders. There is no pain or discomfort in the early stages. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually discovered by accident.

Other less common types of dog lymphoma affect the digestive tract, thymus glands or skin. The symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, tiredness, breathing difficulty, lesions on skin and loss of appetite.

In the advanced stages of lymphoma, the general symptoms include weight loss, anemia, loss of appetite and weakness. As the lymph circulates throughout the body, other organs such as the spleen, liver and bone marrow can be affected. If left untreated, dogs with lymphoma have a life expectancy of 4-6 weeks following diagnosis.

Dog lymphoma treatment

Lymphoma in dogs can be treated with chemotherapy, prednisone therapy and blood stem cell transplant.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the main treatment for lymphoma in dogs. With this treatment, more than 80% of dogs will go into remission for at least 12 months. The numerous chemotherapy protocols are either multi-agent or single-agent.

Multi-agent chemotherapy involves a combination of drugs given orally or by injections. It is more effective than single-agent chemotherapy and produces longer remission. However, toxicity and the risk of unwanted side effects are higher as more drugs are used. This type of chemotherapy requires greater time commitment and bigger expense.

Single-agent chemotherapy protocol uses one chemotherapy drug. It is less toxic and costly than multi-agent chemotherapy. Any adverse side effect is attributed to the single drug, so a different drug can be used instead. As it is less effective than multi-agent chemotherapy, the first remission period is shorter, about 7 months.

The duration of remission and choice of chemotherapy protocols depend on the primary location of tumor, lymphoma stage, overall health of dog at the beginning of treatment and any changes in organ function. Most dogs respond to chemotherapy with minimal (if any) side effects. The common side effects are nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, tiredness, hair loss and slow hair growth. Serious side effects are rare and only seen in 5-10% of dogs.

Prednisone therapy

Lymphoma in dogs can be treated with prednisone (corticosteroid) where chemotherapy is not recommended. Chemotherapy can be costly, so some pet owners choose prednisone therapy instead. Dogs given prednisone experience significant improvement in the short term and can lead a more comfortable life. Although sick, they eat, move and feel better while undergoing prednisone therapy.

Although prednisone therapy is inexpensive, it is not as effective as chemotherapy. Remission is short, about 2-3 months with possible side effects. Prednisone therapy should not be carried out prior to chemotherapy as it reduces the effectiveness of the latter.

Blood stem cell transplant

Stem cells are harvested from bone marrow. Only stem cells that are free from cancer are reintroduced into the dog after it has undergone total body radiation to kill of remaining cancer cells in the body.

Although this treatment raises the survival rate significantly, it is very expensive.

Your vet can advise you on the most suitable lymphoma treatment for your dog. You want to consider the costs, time commitment, life span and your dog's comfort in deciding whether to proceed with treatment.




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2012年9月23日 星期日

Who Does Lymphoma Affect?


Lymphoma is a form of cancer that affects a specific type of cell called the lymphocytes. These tiny but incredibly important cells are classed as cells of the immune system and so when they begin to mutate and become cancerous the immune response to infections, for example bacteria and viruses, is severely affected. As with all other forms of cancer, lymphoma can strike anyone at any time and because it doesn't exhibit any obvious outward symptoms, many sufferers don't realise they have developed the disease until it has already reached the later stages.

In terms of age there are two major age groups that are especially prone to lymphoma. These are 25-35 years of age and the over 60s. It is possible that the over 60s have naturally weaker immune systems because their body cells have had to defend from infection for so long. This means that when mutated cells do occur, and they do often occur within the body, the immune system is no longer able to eradicate them and they are able to multiply and develop into cancer. This is especially worrying when the cells that are mutated are in fact cells of the immune system i.e. the lymphocytes. Surprisingly, research into confirmed cases of lymphoma has shown that 25-35 year olds are also at higher risk of developing the disease. Nobody is sure why this is so at the current time and further research into the mechanisms of lymphoma development is needed to make the link.

In terms of gender, research has shown that men are around three times more likely than women to be diagnosed with lymphoma. Again why this should be so is still not known with any certainty however there are a number of thoughts which could explain the bias. For example, some scientists think that the female hormones may provide protection from the disease because as women age and the level of hormones within the body decreases, the probability of them developing lymphoma starts to equal that of their male counterparts. Alternatively it could be that male hormones somehow make men more susceptible and as men age and their hormone levels decrease they become less prone to the disease. Either way, more research is needed into the risk factors of lymphoma before a definite link can be made.

Lastly, in terms of geographical location it would seem that the Western world i.e. the UK, America, Australia, Germany etc, have much higher incidences of lymphoma than places such as Africa and Asia. This may be related to lifestyle in that a rich lifestyle with fatty food, alcohol, and other luxurious items in addition to the higher concentrations of pollution and other carcinogenic substances may predispose Westerners to lymphoma.

Why some people are affected by lymphoma while others aren't still remains a mystery however there are many research institutes around the world that are working hard to find the answers. If you fall into either of the age ranges mentioned above and especially if you are male then you should stay vigilant and check you lymph gland regularly for any signs of swelling.




For more information and resources on hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma, other types of lymphoma, symptoms, treatment for lymphoma [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/Choosing-a-treatment-for-your-lymphoma.html], medication, research, causes of lymphoma [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/Causes-of-Lymphoma.html], solutions and facts, visit Jeremy Parker's complete reference guide on lymphoma. Also get your free copy of the "Lymphoma Information Guide" report at [http://www.LymphomaResources.com]





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Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Lymphoma


Would you know if you had lymphoma? Do you even know what to look for? Below is a short description of lymphoma and information on the symptoms to look for, how the doctor will diagnose it and the possible treatments available today.

What is lymphoma?

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphocyte cells of the immune system. It generally originates in one or more of the lymph glands and causes them to swell to the point that they become uncomfortable although not painful. The common lymph glands that are first affected include those in the neck, in the armpit area and in the groin. Unfortunately the cancerous lymphocytes can break away from the main growth in the lymph glands and travel around the body in the lymphatic system and in the blood. This means that lymphoma often affects the entire body and causes symptoms in areas far from the original site of growth.

What are the common symptoms of lymphoma?

There are a number of common signs and symptoms that are associated with lymphoma however it must be pointed out that these symptoms can also be caused by numerous, less severe conditions and so anyone suffering with any of the following symptoms should not self-diagnose lymphoma. The common symptoms include:


Swollen lymph glands - although these often develop in the neck, armpit and groin areas they can also develop in the chest and these lymph glands can not be felt externally. This means that they can be swollen for some time without causing any external swelling that can be felt with the fingers.

Fever and night sweats - because cancerous cells are present in the body the immune system launches an attack and this causes the body's internal temperature to rise, which is felt as a fever.

Unexplained weight loss - lymphoma can affect any system within the body and occasionally it affects the digestive system which then fails to function at its best. This means that food is not absorbed properly and the body begins to lose weight.

Tiredness and fatigue - again this can occur when the digestive system is affected and the impaired food absorption leaves the body with little energy. It also occurs because the body is constantly trying to fight the spread and development of cancerous cells.

How is lymphoma diagnosed?

Usually the doctor will have an idea of the diagnosis from your description of the symptoms and from performing a physical examination i.e. to feel for swelling in the lymph glands. From here he/she will refer you to the hospital for further tests which may include x-rays, CT and MRI scans to see how far the cancerous cells have spread, blood tests and even bone marrow biopsies. These tests will be able to confirm the presence of lymphoma and they will pinpoint exactly what type of lymphoma you have and how far it has progressed.

How is lymphoma treated?

There are a number of ways that lymphoma can be treated however the exact course of treatment will depend on a number of factors including what type of lymphoma is present, how far it has spread, how fast it is growing and your general state of health. The options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bone marrow transplants however every case is different and your course of therapy will be individual to your illness so that you have the best chance of recovery possible.




For more information and resources on hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma, other types of lymphoma [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/Types-of-Lymphomas.html], treatment, causes, genetics of lymphoma [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/The-Genetics-of-Lymphoma.html], medication, research, solutions and facts, visit Jeremy Parker's comprehensive reference guide on lymphoma. Also get your free copy of the "Lymphoma Information Guide" report at [http://www.LymphomaResources.com]





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Treatment for AIDS Complicated with Lymphoma


There are several types of treatment for people with AIDS-related lymphoma. Patients can choose to follow a standard treatment or one tested in a clinical trial. The clinical trial treatment studies the body's reaction when administering new drugs to patients who suffer of cancer. This research study helps scientists to improve the new drugs or helps creating a more effective treatment which will replace the standard treatment.

These trials take place in many clinics from the country. Choosing such a form of treatment implies a decision that regards the patient, its family and the health care team.

A patient that has AIDS -related lymphoma will be harder to treat that a non AIDS-related due to the weakened immune system. The treatment is made for lymphoma as well for AIDS. In treating AIDS doctors use highly-active antiretroviral therapy because the virus that causes AIDS is a retrovirus. The treatment for lymphoma is made with lower doses of drugs than in the standard procedure because the immune system will be damaged even more in case of administering the doses for a non AIDS related lymphoma patient.

One of the procedures applied on people with cancer is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy tries to stop cancerous cells from growing or dividing. There can be used oral drugs or drugs injected into the vein or muscle that will reach the cancer cells by entering the bloodstream, and is called systemic chemotherapy. Another type of chemotherapy is the regional chemotherapy when the chemotherapy is placed directly into the cancerous area, like: spinal column, an organ or inside the abdomen. The treatment is applied regarding to the cancer's type and evolution stage.

After this type of treatment is done stem cells previously taken from the patient's blood or bone marrow or from a donor will be thawed and replaced through an infusion, in order to restore the body's blood cells destroyed by the chemotherapy.

Another type of cancer therapy is the one based on radiations. For killing the cancer cells, there are two types of radiation therapy used: one is the external therapy meaning that a machine situated near the body will transmit radiation towards the cancerous area; the second method is the internal therapy based on radioactive substance sealed in needles and catheters that will be placed in the sick area of the body. The appliance of the radiation therapy also depends on the cancer's type and evolution.

A new type of treatment which is still tested is the use of monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies are made from an immune system cell and are designed to seek and destroy all the substances that can help cancer cells to grow and develop. This treatment seems to be quite effective, but more tests need to be done before its mass use.




So, if you want to find out more about lymphoma cancer or even about symptoms of lymphoma please visit this link http://www.lymphoma-center.com/





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2012年9月22日 星期六

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma


There are two types of lymphomas: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Among the two, there are more cases of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma among those that suffer from cancer in their lymphoid systems; it encompasses over 29 types of lymphomas. In the United States, the cases of reported Non-Hodgkin's are at least seven times as common as cases of Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Characteristics

This type of lymphoma is characterized by a malignant growth of B or T cells in the lymphoid system of a person. There are over twenty-nine types under this category, classified according to the type of cells that multiply and the rate by which they do so. The symptoms that people with this disease exhibit are the same as the general symptoms that people with lymphoma exhibit, including a higher incidence of infections and enlarged lymph nodes. However, just like other lymphomas, some symptoms can be very hard to detect.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Once NHL is suspected, physicians make the person undergo a series of tests that are aimed at confirming if it is indeed NHL, and if so, more tests are done to determine the type of cell growth by examining the cancer cells. With NHL, it is very important to arrive at an exact diagnosis so that the most appropriate treatment can be employed to beat the cancer.

The most often-used mode of treatment is chemotherapy, which involves administering powerful drugs that target cancer cells. This treatment is often used if the cancer is found in different areas. On the other hand, if the cancer is localized, the treatment that is employed is radiation therapy, where radiation is used to target cancer cells in a certain area. In some cases, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are combined to treat some cases of NHL. In more advanced cases, the treatment that is used is a bone marrow transplant, which is aimed at bolstering the body's immune system, which the cancer has severely compromised. Some of the most recent treatments that have been developed include immunotherapy, using vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapy.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), is the most common type of lymphoma. Given this, a great deal of research has been done to better understand this disease and to find ways of treating it. Fortunately, this research has provided vital information that can help the people who have cancer as well as those who are treating it.




Lymphoma [http://www.e-Lymphoma.com] provides detailed information on Lymphoma, Non Hodgkins Lymphoma, Hodgkins Lymphoma, Lymphoma Symptoms and more. Lymphoma is affiliated with Breast Cancer Symptoms [http://www.i-BreastCancer.com].





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Lymphoma Cancer Symptoms in Women - Be Aware - Stay Alive


Lymphoma symptoms and especially lymphoma cancer symptoms in women are easy to be missed. It is so, because they can be taken for standard discomfort, to which we women are so familiar with by the default of being female.

Lymphoma is a form of cancer of the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Because our knowledge about this disease is so limited, it comes to be even more dangerous.

Let me share with you what my friend told me about her condition. "At first, I started losing weight. I was so glad to see it happen; we all know how hard it is to lose weight in our age (after 50). The next - somewhat unusual for me condition - was heavy sweating, especially at night. I didn't think twice about this though, it was winter time, I was probably too hot in general from the combination of keeping the house warm and using a heavy comforter, so I thought. You know, we always find an answer if and when we want to. Another day I noticed, my skin was itching; I had an explanation here as well; it must have been something wrong with the soap. Another incident of lymphoma symptoms I did not recognize, another unpremeditated excuse minimizing the seriousness of the situation. It was not until I noticed blood while coughing, when I decided to see my doctor".

Why this story? To help you recognize the limited knowledge about the lymphoma symptoms leading to a very late diagnosis, diagnosis at a very advanced stage of cancer. Should the lymphoma cancer symptoms have been diagnosed early, the condition could be put in regression, if not totally cured. It is not the ignorance though. The difficulty in recognizing lymphoma cancer symptoms is coming from the fact that the same symptoms are very "common" to other, not necessarily serious conditions.

Let's concentrate on lymphoma symptoms in women. What are they?

First and most common of all are the swollen lymph nodes, caused by the lymphoma cancer cells. This can be noticed mainly in the armpits, neck and groin. The nodes are quickly noticeable because of their location near to the skin surface and not so due to pain.

The next symptom is a rapid and unintentional loss of weight. Fever and night sweats, fatigue as well as problems with breathing continue the list. Since these symptoms very closely resemble infection symptoms, a lot of patients are being incorrectly treated for such instead of the true cause - lymphoma.

Mentioned here are only the few lymphoma symptoms in women. There are at least fifteen of them, which women can easily neglect, because we are so used to different kinds of discomforts being women. The list continues with abdominal pain, headaches, weakness and swelling of arms and legs, bowel obstruction, shortness of breath, coughing.

In conclusion, our strong recommendation is to see an oncologist if such symptoms stay unchanged (hopefully not getting any worse) for two - three weeks. It is in the patient's best interest to check it out. With a series of tests the presence or absence of lymphoma can be easily diagnosed; the sooner the diagnosis, the better chances of survival. And - if there is nothing wrong, the peace of mind gained after such visit is just priceless.




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Diagnosing Lymphoma


Lymphoma is one of the few types of cancer that can develop and grow in the body without an individual knowing and it is only when the cancer spreads around the body to other organs that obvious symptoms become apparent. There are a number of symptoms that are commonly associated with lymphoma, such as swollen lymph glands, chronic fatigue, fever, night sweats and unexplained weight loss, however all of these symptoms can and often are caused by much less serious conditions such as a simple infection or the flu.

When the symptoms persist however most sufferers go to the doctor and although the doctor might have suspicions as to their cause he will undoubtedly send the individual for a series of diagnostic tests before confirming the presence of lymphoma. These diagnostic tests may include:

Blood tests

Because lymphoma affects the lymphocyte cells that travel in the blood stream, performing microscopic analysis of these cells can show if they are abnormal in shape and size or if they are present in very large numbers. Occasionally the cancerous lymphocytes will still be confined to the lymph glands and so will not show under the microscope however even during this early stage they release chemicals that are known as cancer markers and specific tests on blood can identify these markers.

CT and MRI scans

These are very high definition imaging techniques that can show just how large a tumor has grown and where in the body secondary tumors have spread to, if indeed they have spread. If the primary lymphoma tumor is in a position to be removed by surgery i.e. by removing the affected lymph glands, then the imaging techniques can help to identify possible complications before the surgery begins so that the surgeon doesn't encounter anything unexpected. They can also help to show how other lymphoma treatments are working because any shrinkage in the tumor size will be apparent when two separate images, taken at different times, are compared.

X-rays

X-rays are commonly used in the diagnosis of lymphoma because when a radioactive agent is injected into the blood stream it causes any abnormal or cancerous cells to glow brightly on the X-ray film. By performing a torso scan i.e. of the major organs, any affected areas can easily be identified and the cancer specialist can get a good idea of the extent of the lymphoma and what treatment will be most appropriate.

Bone and liver biopsies

When other diagnostic tests have been performed and the lymphoma has been identified as late stage then bone and liver biopsies may be carried out. This involves a very thin slither of either bone or liver tissue being taken with a hollow needle and the resulting tissue is examined with a microscope. Generally if cancerous cells are found in either of the two sites then the lymphoma is deemed incurable and any treatment offered will be palliative i.e. it will make life more comfortable and it may prolong life for a short period of time.

Lymphoma can be a difficult cancer to treat and so it is important that it is diagnosed early. Some of the diagnostic tests are uncomfortable however they are much more preferable to endless rounds of chemotherapy and the adverse side effects that accompany it.




For more information and resources on hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma, other types of lymphoma, symptoms, treatment, medication for lymphoma patients [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/Medication.html], solutions and facts, visit Jeremy Parker's complete reference guide on lymphoma [http://www.LymphomaResources.com].





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An Examination of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma


Cancer is a life-threatening disease that is prevalent in our time. One of which is known as non-Hodgkins lymphoma or NHL. It is a cancer that affects the lymphatic system and develops in the lymphoid tissue, which contain lymphocytes that are found all over the body. The lymphatic system is part of our immune system, and contains two basic types of lymphocytes. B lymphocytes manufacture antibodies that protect your body against bacteria and viruses by attracting white blood cells that devour them.

Tlymphocytes on the other hand destroy cancer cells as well as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. They produce a chemical called cytokinesis which attracts white blood cells to help destroy harmful microorganisms. Research posted at http://www.cancer.org by the Cancer Society claims that non-Hodgkins lymphoma develop from B lymphocytes 85% of the time, and the remaining 15% from T lymphocytes.

Since lymphoid tissue is found in all the areas of the body, non-Hodgkins lymphoma can originate almost anywhere in the body. It commonly develops on the lymph nodes, spleen, digestive tract, and tonsils. Diagnosis can be difficult because there are at least thirty different types of lymphoma. It is a fast growing type of cancer that can spread quickly if not diagnosed immediately. Treatment depends on which type of non-Hodgkins lymphoma is present, the rate that it is growing, or if it has infected surrounding tissues.

Since every case of non-Hodgkins lymphoma is unique, treatment is often difficult and complicated. Treatment used on one case may not necessarily work on another. It is safer to obtain a second opinion before any treatment should begin. This is important especially if there are questions or doubts about the recommendations being made.

Before undergoing any major treatment or surgery consider getting a second opinion as it may spell the difference between death and a full recovery. Visit the American Cancer Society at http://www.cancer.org, the National Caner Institute at http://www.cancer.gov, and [http://www.lymphomafocus.org], for more information on non-Hodgkins lymphoma. These websites offer critical information on signs and symptoms, early diagnosis, and various treatments and interventions.




Morgan Hamilton offers expert advice and great tips regarding all aspects concerning research. Learn more at Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma





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2012年9月21日 星期五

Follicular Lymphoma Prognosis - What Can You Expect?


Follicular lymphoma is one of the most dangerous types of cancer, but it grows very slowly over a period of years. It is important to cure the cancer, because it can spread, regardless of the slow advancement. The follicular lymphoma prognosis depends on whether or not you take the proper measures to eliminate it. If left untreated, the cancer can have devastating effects on the body.

Treatment options like chemotherapy rarely work here and if they do - it's usually something else that is having the effect. The term 'spontaneous remission' is often used when it comes to cancer. That's because people did something that promoted the cancer remission, but they are not aware what exactly it was. u Currently, the follicular lymphoma prognosis is done by measuring LDH and hemoglobin in the blood. That is not an accurate way to predict anything, but most doctors still stick to this 'routine' procedure. Lymphoma cancer is a complex disease and accurate prognosis can never be given. That's why it is important to treat the lymphoma as soon as you know you have it, and not hope for some miracle.

There is only one way to expect a good prognosis and that is to cure the cancer. There are several approaches, which can successfully achieve that. However, the only way to permanently eliminate all traces of the cancer is to use your own body. Most treatment options try to use the opposite - they work against the body and try to 'attack' the cancer cells by using poison or surgery. That rarely works and is not an effective approach when it comes to follicular lymphoma. The survival rate of lymphoma patients is give in percentages, i.e what percentage of patients are likely to survive more than ten years. Needles to say, that is not a very useful way to predict things, as everyone is different. There is a lot of very controversial information in this field, and people need to educate themselves, rather than listen blindly to other people's opinions.




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What is Hodgkin's Lymphoma?


Hodgkin's lymphoma (a.k.a. Hodgkin's Disease) is named after its discoverer, Thomas Hodgkin. This disease is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in the body. This type of cell is can be seen under histopathologic studies and are usually found in malignant B-Cells. These malignant B-cells will grow in number, eventually causing a tumor in a lymph node or lymph tissue such as the bone marrow or spleen. Because of this tumor, the affected tissue loses its function, leading to slow deterioration of the body. This disease is noted for is orderly metastasis. If the malignancy started at the lymph nodes located at the neck, the adjacent lymph nodes will be affected one by one; the malignancy will be seen at the lymph nodes located near the collar bone, then at the armpits, and so one.

Hodgkin's lymphoma peaks occurs mostly in male than in females, with ages ranging from 15-13 years old to above 50. What's also striking about this condition is that under microscopic studies, there are more normal cells found in the enlarged lymph nodes compared to malignant cells. The cause of this disease still not known; however it has been found that if a twin has it, the other is also at risk of having Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most Reed-Sternberg cells were also observed to be infected with the Epstein-Barr virus, the infectious agent of mononucleosis. Exposure to Agent Orange and prolonged use of human growth hormone is also accounted as a factor in obtaining Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Conditions that compromise the immune system such as HIV or AIDS also predispose a person to this disease.

Patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma usually have these classical signs and symptoms:

- Drenching night sweats.

- Sudden and unexplained weight loss

- Enlarged lymph nodes that are characterized as rubbery and painless located at the neck, under arm, and groin

- Feeling of easily getting tired

- Unexplained fever that goes on and off

- Itchiness that is not related to any other skin condition

When detected early, Hodgkin's lymphoma shows high survival rate, thereby making it one of the curable forms of cancer known to man. With proper management and therapy, Hodgkin's lymphoma is still highly curable even at the later stage.




Need to learn more about Lymphoma? Be sure to check out Lymphoma Symptoms which contains in-depth information on Hodgkin's Lymphoma, symptoms, causes, treatment and much more.





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The Risk For The Patients With RA To Develop Lymphoma


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease which was proved to have a strong connection with lymphoma.Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymph nodes. The traget of the treatment in RA is to lower pain and to prevent the disease from worsening. this link between the two diseases is considered by many specialists when establishing the appropriate treatment in RA.

There have been made a lot of studies in order to justify the association between chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and malignant lymphomas.

RA manifests as a gradual deterioration of the tissues surrounding the joints, leading to pain and difficulty when moving the affected fingers, elbows and knees. This happens because the patient's own immune system attacks cells around the joints.

RA is diagnosed more often in women and it leads to lymphoma more often in men. This is why it is believed that most people with RA will never develop lymphoma.

There are different stages of RA. We can speak about a low stage or degree of RA, a moderate and a severe one. This classification is made after the number of joints which are affected. There is also a link between the stage of the RA and the risk for the patients to develop lymphoma. If there are less than 6 joints affected the patient can be diagnosed with a low degree of RA; between 6 and 20 joints affected, there is a moderate RA and over 20 joints affected there is a severe stage of RA.

The patients with a low degree of RA have the lowest risk of developing malignant lymphoma, while those with a moderate and severe level of RA have the highest risk of developing this type of cancer.

There is no connection between the medication used to treat RA and the development of lymphoma. The standard treatment in RA includes methotrexate, anti-malarial agents, oral steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin.

But there are some new treatments which include anti-TNF-alpha drugs which seem to increase the risk for the patients with RA to develop lymphoma.

There are no studies that can prove which kind of RA treatment can reduce the risk of developing lymphoma.

So as it is not very clear what drugs or which of the stages of the RA increases the risk to develop lymphoma, it is very important for the patients to understand the phenomenon and to ask the doctor for help to lower the risk.




For more resources about lymphoma please review http://www.lymphoma-center.com/lymphoma-cancer.htm or http://www.lymphoma-center.com/mantle-cell-lymphoma.htm





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2012年9月20日 星期四

What is Lymphoma Cancer?


The lymphatic system is comprised of the lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and liver. The lymph is the fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system and travels through the body via lymph vessels. The fluid contains lymphocytes - produced by the bone marrow and spleen -that fight pathogens. These cells filter the blood and collect the microorganisms inside lymph nodes. You'll notice that during infections, you will have a palpable node in your neck, under your arms, breasts, and groin. When the pathogens are overwhelmed, toxins and byproducts produced by these cells are then filtered in the liver to be eliminated.

In lymphoma cancer, the problem lies in the lymphocytes, specifically the B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of lymphoma cancer where the B-lymphocytes have the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells under morphological studies. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, on the other hand, is a type of lymphoma that occurs without the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. The malignant cells increase in number and size, resulting to a pooling of cells inside a lymph node. The lymph node formed will be rubbery, painless, and does not show any signs of disappearing. Lymphoma cancer is also noted with night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and unexplained fever. There are patients diagnosed with lymphoma but still live for more than 5 to 10 years, making this one of the most curable forms of cancer known to man. Biopsy of the tumor is the definitive way in diagnosing lymphoma. Imaging tests such as X-Ray, CT-Scan, and MRI along with blood tests are done in order to stage the severity of lymphoma cancer.

Treatment of lymphoma cancer can be a form or mix of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is done during the early stage, and applied only on a local area where the malignancy is noted. When the malignancy has spread in adjacent and distal parts of the body, chemotherapy is used along with immune-stimulants and corticosteroids such as prednisone. Surviving lymphoma is highly dependent on the stage when the lymphoma was diagnosed and the application of appropriate treatment. Always maintain your regular check up to see if your treatment is appropriate for you, and to monitor how the lymphoma cancer is progressing.




Need to learn more about Lymphoma? Be sure to check out Lymphoma Symptoms which contains in-depth information on Lymphoma Cancer, symptoms, treatment, diagnosis, causes and much more.





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Why Early Detection of Slow Growing Lymphoma Is Difficult


There are over 30 types of lymphoma that have so far been detected and they can be grouped according to a variety of criteria. One such criterion is how fast the cancer is growing and so lymphomas are generally classed as either slow growing or fast growing. Slow growing lymphomas can be very difficult to detect because they rarely exhibit symptoms while they are still in an early stage.

As their name suggests, slow growing lymphomas take a relatively long time to grow to a size that starts to affect the body. Initially slow growing lymphomas will confine themselves to one specific area of the body. This is normally a lymph gland or a site close to a lymph gland and because they stay confined they don't affect any other organs or tissues. The only outward sign of early stage lymphoma is a painless swelling of the affected lymph glands however this swelling can easily be missed or ignored by the patient. Even if it is noticed it is often attributed to a simple infection and no more notice is taken of it until it starts to become uncomfortable.

It may be over a year before sections of the confined lymphoma start to break off and travel to secondary sites in the body. Lymphoma affects the lymphocyte cells of the immune system and as such it has the ability to travel through the lymphatic system and in the blood stream. When the lymphoma cells do start to migrate to other areas the immune system tries to eradicate them and it is at this stage that the first systemic symptoms are experienced by the patient. These symptoms might include fever, night sweats, abdominal distension, unexplained weight loss and occasionally anemia i.e. chronic fatigue, tiredness and pale skin, although the exact symptoms will depend on the area that the migrating cells invade.

Often it is at this stage that the patient first visits the doctor and a provisional diagnosis is made. A number of medical tests are required to confirm the diagnosis and these tests will not only provide information regarding the exact type of lymphoma that is present, they will also say whether the lymphoma is fast or slow growing and what stage it has reached.

Unfortunately, many cases of slow growing lymphoma have reached a late stage by the time they are detected and diagnosed. This means they have spread to numerous areas of the body and so are a lot more difficult to treat effectively. There will also be a lot more cancer cells then the body can easily cope with and they may have infiltrated areas that are incredibly hard to treat such as the liver and bone marrow. For this reason it is important to consult a doctor whenever swelling of the lymph glands is noticed or any of the other lymphoma symptoms mentioned above are experienced. It is highly likely that the swelling and symptoms are caused by a minor illness however it is well worth finding this out as early as possible.




For more information and resources on hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma, other types, symptoms of lymphoma [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/The-Subtle-Symptoms.html], treatment, the stages of lymphoma [http://www.lymphomaresources.com/The-Stages-of-Lymphoma.html], medication, research, solutions and facts, visit Jeremy Parker's comprehensive reference guide on lymphoma. Also get your free copy of the "Lymphoma Information Guide" report at [http://www.LymphomaResources.com]





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Hodgkins Lymphoma


A type of lymphoma, not as common as Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, is Hodgkin's disease or Hodgkin's Lymphoma, which is characterized by malignant growths of cells in the lymphoid system. Thomas Hodgkin, who discovered this disease in 1832, was an English scholar who worked at the Guy's Hospital in England.

Since the discovery of Hodgkin's Lymphoma, there has been a great deal of research conducted on this disease, which has contributed to the huge body of literature regarding it. This research provides vital information on understanding the disease, its symptoms, and its treatment. Below is some of the information that medical research on the disease has produced.

Features of the Disease

What distinguishes Hodgkin's disease from other lymphoma is the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in the area where the cancer has developed. Most studies show that the origins of these cells are B cells. In other cases of the disease, the Epstein-Barr virus has proven to be a factor in the development of the cancer. The disease can occur in both children and adults, and among them, a higher incidence of the disease has been found among young adults between the ages of twenty-five and thirty and among those who are fifty-five or older. As with other lymphomas, the symptoms of this disease include a compromised immune system, which results in a higher incidence of infections.

Treatment

The treatment of this disease also includes some of the common modes of treatment used to treat other lymphomas. The most often used among these is chemotherapy, which involves administering powerful drugs that target the cells that cause the cancer. Another common type of treatment is radiation therapy, where a radiation beam is targeted at a localized area where there is a concentration of cancer cells. For advanced cases, a bone marrow transplant is done to bolster the body's immune system.

Hodgkin's disease is also considered to be one of the most serious types of cancer because it can have severe effects on the body of the person who develops the disease. Fortunately, the extensive research done on Hodgkin's disease has paved the way for the development of new and more effective treatments in fighting the disease. As a result of this, the survival rates of people who have this disease have increased in recent years.




Lymphoma [http://www.e-Lymphoma.com] provides detailed information on Lymphoma, Non Hodgkins Lymphoma, Hodgkins Lymphoma, Lymphoma Symptoms and more. Lymphoma is affiliated with Breast Cancer Symptoms [http://www.i-BreastCancer.com].





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2012年9月19日 星期三

Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma


While most people are aware of the devastating effects of cancer, many are unfamiliar with specific forms of the disease like Non-Hodgkin disease (lymphoma). In recent years, awareness efforts by many different groups has helped shed light on this devastating form of cancer that affects the cells of the body's immune system.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (or NHL) attacks the cells of the body's lymphatic system, including the lymph nodes, vessels, and fluid. It may also affect other parts of the system including the tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, and certain areas of the stomach.

Lymphoma may begin as an abnormal cell that eventually grows into a tumor and spreads across the lymphatic system. Individuals who are affected by this type of cancer may experience the following symptoms:


Swelling of the nodes in the armpits, groin, and neck
Sudden loss of weight
Unexplained night sweats
Fever
Chest pain and persistent cough
Abdominal pain
Extreme tiredness and lack of energy

One of the more troubling factors of NHL is that many of the symptoms can be attributed to other illnesses and minor health issues. Unfortunately, individuals often do not seek the proper medical assistance until it is too late. It is essential to be aware of the symptoms of NHL and to visit a doctor if you discover unusual swelling of the nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin.

Diagnosing NHL

In order to diagnose NHL, a doctor will usually perform the following tests:


Physical examination to identify swollen nodes
Blood tests to obtain an accurate count of white blood cells
X-rays to identify swollen nodes in the chest and abdomen
Biopsy of swollen nodes

It is important that individuals are aware of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma and it's symptoms. If you believe that you may be affected by NHL, there are many different resources online and in your community to help you deal with this devastating disease.




For more information on NHL and possible causes of the disease, visit the website of the Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma support group at the nhlproject.org.





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Canine Lymphoma - What You Need to Know


Canine lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocytes in dogs. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens such as bacteria and virus. The tumor can develop in any part of the body where there is lymph tissue, such as lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver and other organs.

Canine lymphoma usually occurs in middle aged dogs, especially Golden Retrievers. The cause of this type of cancer is not known. It can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, or both.

Canine Lymphoma Symptoms

The symptoms vary according to the type of canine lymphoma. There are several types of lymphoma, depending on which part of the body that the tumor develops.

1. Multicentric - Tumor develops in lymph nodes as painless lumps on the neck, behind the knees, under the front legs and in the groin. This is the most common type, accounting for at least 80% of all canine lymphoma. It can spread to other internal organs such as the spleen, liver and bone marrow. In the later stage of the disease, the tumor causes obstruction in the affected organ and symptoms such as weakness, tiredness, loss of appetite and fever can arise.

2. Alimentary - Tumor in the gastrointestinal tract that results in vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea and weight loss.

3. Mediastinal - Tumor of the thymus. In the advanced stage of the disease, dogs develop breathing difficulty, fluid accumulation in lungs and hypercalcemia.

4. Cutaneous - This affects the skin, causing lesions, itchiness, redness, nodules, plaques and hair loss.

Diagnosis Of Canine Lymphoma

Diagnostic tests may include a combination of needle aspirate of the affected lymph node, biopsy, blood test, ultrasound and x-rays.

Canine Lymphoma Treatment

Chemotherapy is the only treatment option. The treatment protocol and its effectiveness is determined by the stage of the disease and location of the tumor. A combination of chemotherapy drugs are administered orally and by injection.

Unlike human beings, most dogs experience no side effects from chemotherapy. Only less than 10% of dogs may suffer serious side effects that require hospitalisation. Possible side effects include hair loss, gastrointestinal problems, reduced appetite, tiredness, diarrhea, vomiting, blood in urine and low white blood cell count.

Although chemotherapy does not cure lymphoma, some dogs do go into remission for up to 1 year. However, if left untreated, most dogs will die within 4-6 weeks.




Discover natural and holistic treatment for canine lymphoma in the "Natural Help For Pet Cancer" ebook. Get your FREE copy now at http://www.ultimatedogguide.com/canine-lymphoma-treatment-ebook





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Symptoms of Lymphoma in Women


Symptoms of lymphoma in women are generally the same as for men.

Lymphoma often develops quietly and with few symptoms so it may take a while before you may realize that there is something very much the matter.

Following is a list of the typical symptoms of lymphoma in women and symptoms of lymphoma in men alike.

One thing to keep in mind is that these lymphoma symptoms can be symptoms of any of a large number of conditions that are generally harmless.

For this reason, it's wise to consult with your doctor if you experience any of them.

1. Enlargement of the Lymph Nodes

This is the most characteristic lymphoma symptom and can be the only symptom that one experiences.

It's very important to note that a lot of different things can cause an enlargement of the lymph nodes and it does NOT necessarily mean you have lymphoma!

Typically, the lymph nodes of the groin, armpit and neck will swell but cause no pain.

Humans have 500+ lymph nodes in the body which are basically "forts" of immunity.

When they swell, it is often indicative of the body initiating an immune response against some type of microscopic invader.

You may notice these lumps in the course of your daily routine, such as when showering or applying creams, etc.

The symptoms outlined most often only indicate a possible lymphoma if they are discovered in addition to swollen lymph nodes.

2. Losing Weight

Typically, sudden weight loss will occur over a period of several months with no good reason.

Weight loss can range from a few pounds to up to 20 or so.

3. Running a Fever

A random fever that keeps occurring for no good reason (i.e., is not connected with a flu, cold, etc.) is usually an indication to go see your physician.

Symptoms of lymphoma can be confused with symptoms of other illnesses and, in fact, a lymphoma that causes fever accompanied by lymph node swelling is frequently mistaken for a flu or something similar.

Additionally, in those afflicted by a Hodgkins type lymphoma, a quintessential type of fever termed Pel-Ebstein fever can develop.

4. Night Sweats

Excess sweating at night may find you waking up soaked in your own sweat.

5. Pruritis (Itchiness)

Lymphoma cells can secrete certain substance which cause the entire body to be itchy, a condition known as pruritis.

6. Lack of Appetite

Individuals with lymphoma can experience a drop in their usual appetite which can also cause weight loss, one of the other symptoms of lymphoma listed above.

7. Fatigue and Listlessness

Cancer cells hijack the body's energy resource that would otherwise be utilized by healthy cells, causing a drop in energy levels.

8. Swelling

Depending upon where a lymphoma grows (and it can occur in any organ of the body), it may compress and block off veins, effectively limiting blood supply and causing swelling.

Site-specific lymphomas produce rather widely varying symptoms.

A lymphoma of the brain may cause pains in one's legs while a lymphoma in the stomach can cause stomach pains.

General Symptoms of Lymphoma in Women and General Symptoms of Lymphoma in Men

The first and most obvious sign of lymphoma is adenopathy, aka lymphadenopathy, which is a painless swelling of the lymph nodes.

Swollen lymph nodes by themselves, however, are NOT necessarily an indication of lymphoma.

It requires medical testing to confirm or negate the diagnosis.

Symptoms of lymphoma can come in many varieties, dependent upon the location of the lymphoma, the stage of growth, size of tumor, etc.

Symptoms linked with bone marrow issues such as becoming anemic (having a low red blood cell count) are uncommon in the beginning stages of a lymphoma but often are seen later in the game and often as a result of treatment.

MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas affect any mucosal site, the stomach being the most common one. Alterations in bowel movement and stomach pains can be indications.

As far as the stomach lymphoma goes, if it is a result of infection with the H. Pylori bacterium, antibiotic treatment can cause the lymphoma to regress in 70%+ of cases.

How To Report Your Symptoms To A Doctor Effectively:

Describe the intensity of your symptom on a scale such as "This hurts about a 7 out of 10″.

For visually observable symptoms, show them to the doctor and also explain how they started off and looked like initially.

Explain when you first experienced your symptoms

How long have you been experiencing this symptom?

Is the symptom constant or does it come and go?

Describe any medications or dietary supplements you take/did take starting from the time symptoms manifested.

Do the symptoms change depending upon body positioning, time of day, etc.?

Do certain foods trigger the symptoms?

Be as descriptive as possible. The more accurate and specific the information you give, the more your doctor will be able to pinpoint the nature of your problem (if you have any!) and the better he/she will be able to treat you and advise you.

As you can see the Symptoms of Lymphoma in Women are generally the same as they are for men. It's important to pay attention to your body and note any symptoms you may have so that you can discuss them with your doctor in detail and he will be in a better position to help you.




John-Michael David is a well-informed patient who writes about the Symptoms of Lymphoma in Women and the Causes of Lymphoma among other important topics.





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Facing Two Very Scary Words - Leukemia Lymphoma


Leukemia, Lymphoma: these are two of the scariest words anyone could ever hear in a doctor's office. It doesn't matter if it is you, personally, mother, father, child, spouse, friend; the fear is just as bad if it is about someone that means something to you. First of all, you will want to know exactly what type of cancer it is. Leukemia and lymphoma are blood cancers. Since you have the diagnosis there are things that need to be taken care of immediately.

First of all, get a second opinion in an entirely different practice. You want to be completely sure before you start thinking about treatments. The next thing you should do is find a support group. There are programs at all hospitals that have cancer centers. Leukemia and lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin and myeloma) sufferers need professionals who are schooled in these types of cancer. These diseases affect everyone in the family of the person diagnosed. There are family support groups as well as peer groups.

Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. These are the part of the blood that fights infection. Leukemia is uncontrolled multiplication or growth of the white blood cells. There are several types of leukemia and, luckily, it is very treatable in most situations. Acute leukemia starts quickly and grows fast whereas chronic leukemia happens over a long period of time.

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph glands and cells and includes overgrowth of lymphocytes.

Cause for either leukemia or lymphoma is not known. These are two of the three types of blood cancer; the other is multiple myeloma.

These types of cancer are difficult to diagnose early because their symptoms are non specific. Some of the symptoms are: easy bruising, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes (without pain), and fever without infection, unexplained bleeding, weight loss, bone and joint pain. These symptoms depend on the type of blood cancer involved. In multiple myeloma, there is often bone and joint pain as a first symptom because of destruction of the bone cells. Leukemia is suspected with chronic anemia, night sweats, recurring infections. When lymphoma is suspected it often depends on the size and location of the swollen lymph glands.

10% of all new cancers are from these three blood cancers. For children, leukemia is the most common type of cancer. People with leukemia are at risk for infections. There is treatment though chemotherapy and radiation, as well as bone marrow transplant in some cases.

What are the risk factors for development of leukemia or lymphoma? High exposure to radiation either through tests or during a person's job increases the likely hood of getting leukemia. Smoking increases the chances of getting leukemia. Certain illnesses like Down syndrome increase the chances. A person with a family history of leukemia has an increased chance of having it later in life.

Leukemia patients do not always have treatment. If the illness is dormant, cancer treatment may be put off until it surfaces. The physicians will treat the other symptoms of the illness while waiting. Some leukemia patients have chemotherapy; some are treated with radiation. There is also a target method of treatment that allows the illness to be blocked. This treatment is sometimes difficult for the patient to handle.




Herb likes to learn about health issues. Please check out his website with information on tattoo removal prices and details on lazer tattoo removal.





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2012年9月18日 星期二

Stages and Procedures Regarding AIDS-related Lymphoma


AIDS-related lymphoma can be diagnosed by performing a serie of tests known as staging too. Much more, by doing these tests the patient can find out if cancer cells have spread within the body, affecting other organs as well. It is important to know that the tests may easily confirm the stage of the disease and in this way the physician can prescriebe the appropriate treatment. Moreover, AIDS-related lymphoma is usually diagnosed when the illness is already advanced.

To begin with, a first common procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body is called PET scan (positron emission tomography scan). Firstly, this procedure involves the injection of radionuclide glucose into the vein in order to show in a picture made by the PET scanner where the glucose is being used in the body. So, by scanning the body, the malign tumor cells become brighter because they are more active and take up more sugar than other healthy cells.

Secondly, another well known procedure is CT scan also called computed tomography or computerisez axial tomography. CT scan is a procedure that makes a serie of pictures of the areas inside the body, showing a clear image of the organs and tissues. Moreover, a common procedure is Bone marrow biopsy which includes the removing of a small piece of bone marrow and bone from the hipbone or breatsbone in order to be examined under a microscope.

Furthermore, stages of AIDS-related lymphoma may include E which means that the cancer is found in an area or organ other than the lymph nodes or has spread to tissues beyond and S stands for spleen and means the cancer affected the spleen. In addition to this there are 4 stages which are used for AIDS-related that indicate the place where the cancer can be found, lymph nodes, organs other than the lymph nodes, near the diaphragm or spleen.

It is considered that people who suffer from Epstein-Barr virus or whose AIDS-related lymphona usually affects the bone marrow and in some cases may lead to complications, such as the spreading of cancer to the central nervous system.(CNS). Much more, CNS lymphoma which starts in other parts of the body is not considered primary as the CNS lymphoma that starts in the brain and spinal cord.




So, if you want to find out more about symptoms of lymphoma or even about lymphoma cancer please visit this link http://www.lymphoma-center.com/





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